Ruth Engel received her B.S. and master’s degrees in geology from

the University of Michigan. She has been active in the steel industry since

1979, when she began as an engineer at Armco (now AK Steel). She became

a research engineer there in 1983 and was then named a senior process

engineer in 1990. In 2004, she joined ANH Refractories (today Harbison-

Walker International) as a senior applications specialist focused on the

brick market for the production of stainless steels. Since 2006, she has been

a consultant to the industry. She has served as a refractory expert witness,

carried out quality audits, offered recommendations for better operations

and has given many presentations on refractory and steelmaking topics.

She has authored numerous technical papers focused on refractories since

the 1980s.