Volume 185
Institute of Metals Division, Iron and Steel Division, and Extractive Metallurgy Division 1949
Papers and Discussions Presented at Meetings held at San Francisco, February 13-17, 1949; Columbus, September 25- 29, 1949;* Cleveland, October 17-19, 1949;* New York, February 12-16, 1950.* Discussion of Papers presented at Philadelphia Meeting, October 25-27, 1948
*Discussions of papers presented at these meetings will be published in Volume 188 (1950)

Title Page

Foreword By A. A. Smith, Jr.

Contents

Technical Papers

Institute of Metals Division

TITLE	AUTHOR
Plastic Deformation Waves in Aluminum	A. W. McReynolds
Discussion	A. W. McReynolds
On the Structure of Gold-silver-copper Alloys	J. G. McMullin and J. T. Norton
Discussion	J. G. McMullin and J. T. Norton
Stress and Strain States in Elliptical Bulge	C. C. Chow, A. W. Dana, and G. Sachs
A Study of Textures and Earing Behavior of Cold-rolled (87-89 pct) and Annealed Copper Strips	Ming-Kao Yen
Discussion	Ming-Kao Yen
Use of Electrical Resistance Measurements to Determine the Solidus of the Lead-tin System	R. Hultgren and S. A. Lever
Discussion	R. Hultgren and S. A. Lever
The Effect of Strain-temperature History on the Flow and Fracture Characteristics of an Annealed Steel	E. J. Riping and G. Sachs
The Densification of Copper Powder Compacts in Hydrogen and in Vacuum	C. B. Jordan and P. Duwez
Discussion	C. B. Jordan and P. Duwez
Influence of Composition on the Stress-corrosion Cracking of Some Copper-base Alloys	D. H. Thompson and A. W. Tracy
Discussion	D. H. Thompson and A. W. Tracy
The Effect of Orientation Difference on Grain Boundary Energies	C. G. Dunn and F. Lionetti
Discussion	C. G. Dunn and F. Lionetti
Solubility Relationships of the Refractory Monocarbides	J. T. Norton and A. L. Mowry
Discussion	J. T. Norton and A. L. Mowry
Pressure Distribution in Compacting Metal Powders	P. Duwez and L. Zwell
Discussion	P. Duwez and L. Zwell
Preferred Orientation in Rolled and Recrystallized Beryllium	A. Smigelskas and C. S. Barrett
Discussion	A. Smigelskas and C. S. Barrett
Magnesium-lithium Base Alloys-Preparation, Fabrication, and General Characteristics	J. H. Jackson, P. D. Frost, A. C. Loonam, L. W. Eastwood, and C. H. Lorig
Discussion	J. H. Jackson, P. D. Frost, A. C. Loonam, L. W. Eastwood, and C. H. Lorig
Self-diffusion in Sintering of Metallic Particles	G. C. Kuczynski
Discussion	G. C. Kuczynski
Homogeneous Yielding of Carburized and Nitrided Single Iron Crystals	A. N. Holden and J. H. Hollomon
Discussion	A. N. Holden and J. H. Hollomon
The Surface Tension of Solid Copper	H. Udin, A. J. Shaler, and J. Wulff
Discussion	H. Udin, A. J. Shaler, and J. Wulff
Properties of Chromium Boride and Sintered Chromium Boride	S. J. Sindeband
Discussion	S. J. Sindeband
The Hardenability Effect of Molybdenum	J. M. Hodge, J. L. Giove, and R. G. Storm
A Method of Examination of Sections of Fine Metal Powder Particles with the Electron Microscope	Laurence Delisle
The Effect of Ferrite Grain Size on Notch Toughness	J. M. Hodge, R. D. Manning, and H. M. Reichhold
Recrystallization and Microstructure of Aluminum-Killed Deep Drawing Steel	R. L. Rickett, S. H. Kalin, and J. T. Mackenzie, Jr.
Precipitation Phenomena in the Solid Solutions of Nitrogen and Carbon in Alpha Iron below the Eutectoid Temperature	L. J. Dijkstra
The Crystal Structure of Ni4W	E. Epremian and D. Harker
The Beryllium-iron System	R. J. Teitel and M. Cohen
Discussion, Institute of Metals Division, Fall Meeting, 1948
Investigation of Temper Brittleness in Low-alloy Steels	S. A. Herres and A. R. Elsea
Oriented Arrangements of Thin Aluminum Films on Ionic Substrates	T. N. Rhodin, Jr.
P-type and N-type Silicon and the Formation of the Photovoltaic Barrier in Silicon Ingot	J. H. Scaff, H. C. Theurer, and E. E. Schumacher
Microstructures of Silicon Ingots	W. G. Pfann and J. H. Scaff
The Study of Grain Boundaries with the Electron Microscope	J. F. Radavich
Transformation of Gamma to Alpha Manganese	E. V. Potter, H. C. Lukens, and R. W. Huber
Liquid Solubility of Manganese in a Magnesium-aluminum-tin Alloy	B. J. Nelson and G. F. Sager
The Comparative Creep Properties of Several Types of Commercial Coppers	A. D. Schwope, K. F. Smith, and L. R. Jackson
The Rapid Determination of Orientations of Cubic Crystal	C. G. Dunn and W. W. Martin
The Vapor Pressures of Zinc and Cadmium over Some of Their Silver Alloy	C. E. Birchenall and C. H. Cheng
Electrical Resistivity Measurements on Iron-silicon Compacts Prepared by the Powder Metallurgy Procedure	F. W. Glaser
A Metallographic Description of Fracture in Impact Specimens of a Structural Steel	M. Baeyertz, W. F. Craig, Jr., and E. S. Bumps
Recovery and Recrystallization in Brass	B. L. Averbach
Ferromagnetic Alloys in the Systems Cu-Mn-In and Cu-Mn-Ga	F. A. Hames and D. S. Eppelsheimer
Secondary Recrystallization in Copper	M. L. Kronberg and F. H. Wilson
Kinetics of the Reactions of Zirconium with O2., N2, and H2	E. A. Gulbransen and K. F. Andrew
The Active Slip Systems in the Simple Axial Extension of Single Crystalline Alpha Brass	R. Maddin, C. H. Mathewson, and W. R. Hibbard, Jr.
The Effects of Molybdenum and Commercial Ranges of Phosphorus upon the Toughness of 0.40 Pct Carbon Chromium Steels	M. Baeyertz, W. F. Craig, Jr., and J. P. Sheehan
The Effect of Quenching on the Age Hardening of Two Aluminum Alloys	R. D. Barer and M. B. Bever
Determination of Boundary Stresses during the Compression of Cylindrical Powder Compact	M. E. Shank and J. Wulff
A Dilatometric Study of the Sintering of Metal Powder Compacts	P. Duwez and H. Martens
The Isolation of Carbides from High Speed Steel	D. J. Blickwede and M. Cohen
Solubility of Titanium in Liquid Magnesium	K. T. Aust and L. M. Pidgeon
The Lattice Parameters of High Purity Alpha Titanium; and the Effects of Oxygen and Nitrogen on Them	H. T. Clark, Jr.
The Mechanism of Martensite Formation	A. B. Greninger and A. R. Troiano
Structure and Nature of Kink Bands in Zinc	J. B. Hess and C. S. Barrett
Analysis of Interstitial Diffusion Using Activity Methods	A. G. Guy
The Transformation in Beta-CuAl Alloys	E. P. Klier and S. M. Grymko
Surface Orientation and Rolling of Magnesium Sheet	R. L. Dietrich
Recrystallization Texture and Coarsening Texture in High Purity Aluminum	P. A. Beck and Hsun Hu
Annealing Twins in Copper and 70-30 Alpha Brass	W. R. Hibbard, Jr., You-Chao Liu, and S. F. Reiter
The Yielding and Strain-aging of Carburized and Nitrided Single Crystals of Iron	H. Schwartzbart and J. R. Low, Jr.
The Effect of Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Hydrogen on Iodide Refined Titanium	R. I. Jaffe and I. E. Campbell
The Origin of Annealing Twins in Brass	R. Maddin, C. H. Mathewson, and W. R. Hibbard, Jr.
Size Effects in Quenching High-purity, Precipitation-hardenable Alloys	W. L. Finlay
The Ternary System, Copper-manganese-zinc	T. R. Graham, J. R. Long, C. E. Armantrout, and A. H. Roberson
Discontinuous Crack Propagation-Further Studies	L. D. Jaffe, E. L. Reed, and H. C. Mann
The Free Energy Change Accompanying the Martensite Transformation in Steels	J. C. Fisher
Kinetics of the Austenite-Martensite Transformation	J. C. Fisher, J. H. Hollomon, and D. Turnbull
Simultaneous Aging and Deformation in Metals	J. D. Lubahn
The Transverse Bending of Single Crystals of Aluminum	M. K. Yen and W. R. Hibbard, Jr.
Stages in the Deformation of Monel Metal as Shown by Polarized Light	D. H. Woodard
Influence of Temperature on the Stress-strain-energy Relationship for Copper and Nickel-copper Alloy	D. J. McAdam, Jr.
Kinetics of the Reactions of Titanium with O2, N2, and H2	E. A. Gulbransen and K. F. Andrew
Structure of Diborides of Titanium, Zirconium, Columbium, Tantalum, and Vanadium	J. T. Norton, H. Blumenthal, and S. J. Sindeband
The Diffusion and Solubility of Carbon in Alpha Iron	J. K. Stanley
Studies of Interface Energies in Some Aluminum and Copper Alloys	K. K. Ikeuye and C. S. Smith
Preparation and Casting of Beryllium Melts	J. G. Kura, J. H. Jackson, M. C. Udy, and L. W. Eastwood
Metallographic Examination of Beryllium Alloys	M. C. Udy, G. K. Manning, and L. W. Eastwood
Seminar on the Kinetics of Sintering. (With discussion)	A. J. Shaler
Discussion, Institute of Metals Division, San Francisco Meeting, February 1949
Effect of Prestraining Temperatures on the Recovery of Cold Worked Aluminum	T. E. Tietz, R. A. Anderson, and J. E. Dorn
Flow and Fracture Characteristics of a Die Steel at High Hardness Levels	L. J. Klingler, C. C. Chow, and G. Sachs
Some Observations on the Recovery of Cold Worked Aluminum	T. V. Cherian, P. Pietrokowsky, and J. E. Dorn
Carbides in Isothermally Transformed Chromium Steels	W. Crafts and J. L. Lamont
The Properties of Sand Cast Magnesium-Rare Earth Alloys	T. E. Leontis
Cemented Titanium Carbide	J. C. Redmond and E. N. Smith
Intergranular Parting of Brass during Anneals	F. H. Wilson and E. W. Palmer
The Low Temperature Properties of Tin-antimony and Tin-cadmium Alloys	F. J. Dunkerley, H. B. Hunter, and F. G. Stone

Iron and Steel Division

TITLE	AUTHOR
The Interaction of Liquid Steel with Ladle Refractories	C. B. Post and G. V. Luerssen
Discussion	C. B. Post and G. V. Luerssen
The Influence of Temperature on the Affinity of Sulphur for Copper, Manganese, and Iron	E. M. Cox, M. C. Bachelder, N. H. Nachtrieb, and A. S. Skapski
Discussion	E. M. Cox, M. C. Bachelder, N. H. Nachtrieb, and A. S. Skapski
Relation between Chromium and Carbon in Chromium Steel Refining	D. C. Hilty
Discussion	D. C. Hilty
The Ionic Nature of Metallurgical Slags. Simple Oxide Systems	J. Chipman and Lo-Ching Chang
Discussion	J. Chipman and Lo-Ching Chang
Sulphur Equilibria between Iron Blast Furnace Slags and Metal	G. G. Hatch and J. Chipman
Discussion	G. G. Hatch and J. Chipman
What is Metallurgy?	J. Chipman
Sintering Characteristics of Minus Sixty-five and Twenty Mesh Magnetite	A. Stanley and J. C. Mead
Discussion	A. Stanley and J. C. Mead
Equilibrium in the Reaction of Hydrogen with Oxygen in Liquid Iron	M. N. Dastur and J. Chipman
Optical Temperature Scale and Emissivity of Liquid Iron	M. N. Dastur and N. A. Gokcen
Relative Deoxidizing Powers of Some Deoxidizers for Steel. (With discussion)	C. E. Sims, H. A. Saller, and F. W. Boulger
Discussion, Iron and Steel Division, San Francisco Meeting, February 1949
Evaluation of pH Measurements with Regard to the Basicity of Metallurgical Slag	C. W. Sherman and N. J. Grant

Extractive Metallurgy Division

TITLE	AUTHOR
The Morenci Smelter of Phelps Dodge Corporation at Morenci, Arizona	L. L. McDaniel
Discussion	L. L. McDaniel
Development of the Modern Zinc Retort in the United States	H. R. Page and A. E. Lee, Jr.
Discussion	H. R. Page and A. E. Lee, Jr.
Cadmium Recovery Practice in Lead Smelting	P. C. Feddersen and H. E. Lee
Discussion	P. C. Feddersen and H. E. Lee
Development of Muffle Furnaces for the Production of Zinc Oxide and Zinc at East Chicago, Indiana	G. E. Johnson
Discussion	G. E. Johnson
The Recovery of Cadmium from Cadmium-copper Precipitate, Electrolytic Zinc Co. of Australasia, Risdon, Tasmania	G. H. Anderson
Discussion	G. H. Anderson
Electrolytic Zinc at Risdon, Tasmania. Major Changes Since 1936	S. W. Ross
Discussion	S. W. Ross
Concentration of the SO2 Content of Dwight-Lloyd Sintering Machine Gas by Recirculation	W. S. Reid
Discussion	W. S. Reid
The Effect of High Copper Content on the Operation of a Lead Blast Furnace, and Treatment of the Copper and Lead Produced	A. A. Collins
Discussion	A. A. Collins
Distillation of Zinc from Copper Base Alloys and Galvanizers Drosses	F. F. Poland
Discussion	F. F. Poland
Cadmium Recovery Practice at the Donora Zinc Works	G. T. Smith and R. C. Moyer
Discussion	G. T. Smith and R. C. Moyer
Controlled Drying of Retorts	R. R. Furlong and D. H. Wertz
Discussion	R. R. Furlong and D. H. Wertz
The Use of Oxygen Enriched Air in the Metallurgical Operations of Cominco at Trail, B. C.	R. R. McNaughton, T. H. Weldon, J. H. Hargrave, and L. V. Whiton
Discussion	R. R. McNaughton, T. H. Weldon, J. H. Hargrave, and L. V. Whiton
A Thermodynamic Investigation of the System Silver-Silver Sulphide	T. Rosenqvist
Autogenous Roasting of Low Grade Zinc Concentrate in Multiple Hearth Furnaces at Risdon, Tasmania	J. A. B. Forster
Discussion	J. A. B. Forster
El Paso Slag Treatment Plant	T. J. Woodside
Discussion	T. J. Woodside
Low Pressure Distillation of Zinc from Al-Zn Alloy	M. J. Spendlove and H. W. St. Clair
Titanium Investigations: Research and Development Work on the Preparation of Titanium Chloride and Oxide from Titanium Mattes	R. G. Knickerbocker, C. H. Gorski, H. Kenworthy, and A. G. Starliper
Recovery of Zinc by the Dithionate Sulphur-dioxide Leaching Process	S. F. Ravitz and A. E. Back
Discussion, Extractive Metallurgy Division, San Francisco Meeting, February 1949
Melting Points in the System TiO2-CaO-MgO-A12,O13	H. Sigurdson and S. S. Cole
Laboratory Smelting of Titaniferous Ores	D. L. Armant and S. S. Cole
Petrology of High Titanium Slags	C. H. Moore, Jr. and H. Sigurdson
The Fume and Dust Problem in Industry	H. V. Welch
The Relationship Between Electrical Conductivity and Composition of Molten Lead Silicate Slags	A. K. Schellinger and R. P. Olsen

Technical Notes

TITLE	AUTHOR
Controlled Grain Growth Applied to the Problem of Grain Boundary Energy Measurements	C. G. Dunn
A Simple Constant Stress Creep Test	J. C. Fisher and R. P. Carreker
Grain Coarsening in Copper	P. A. Beck, J. Towers, Jr., and P. R. Sperry
Solid Nuclei in Liquid Metals	C. S. Smith
Effect of Recrystallization Texture on Grain Growth	P. A, Beck and P. R. Sperry
The Sigma Phase in Ternary Cr-Co-Fe and Cr-Co-Ni Alloys	P. A. Beck and W. D. Manly
The Statistical Nature of the Endurance Limit	J. T. Ransom and R. F. Mehl
Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen on Temper Brittleness	D. C. Buffum, L. D. Jaffe, and W. P. Clancy
Discontinuous Crack Propagation	L. D. Jaffe, E. L. Reed, and H. C. Mann
Rectangular Hysteresis Loops of Co-Ni-Fe Alloys	R. A. Chegwidden
Effect of Composition on the Wire Textures of Copper and Its Solid Solution Alloys	W. R. Hibbard, Jr.
Compression Textures of Copper and Its Binary Alpha Solid Solution Alloys	W. R. Hibbard, Jr. and D. E. Trout II
Some Observations on the Rate of Secondary Recrystallization in High Purity Copper	A. M. Turkalo and D. Turnbull
Some Observations in the Structure of Alpha Brass Single Crystals after Cutting and Polishing	R. Maddin and W. R. Hibbard, Jr.
On the Problem of Grain Boundary Movement	C. G. Dunn, F. W. Daniels, and M. J. Bolton
High Temperature Scaling of Cobalt	C. R. Johns and W. M. Baldwin, Jr.
The Thermodynamical Treatment of Very Small Solid Solubilities	L. Guttman
The Relation Between Indentation Hardness and Strain for Metals	J. H. Palm
Notes on the Electrolytic Isolation of Carbides in Steel	G. Wranglen
The Effect of Working and Heating Eutectic Structures	J. S. Brown and A. G. Guy
Binary Chart for Interconversions of Mol, Weight, and Volume Per Cent	and A. G. Guy 185-177 Binary Chart for Interconversions of Mol, Weight, and Volume Per Cent
A Proposed Microbending Mechanism of Plastic Deformation	M. K. Yen

INDEX

TITLE	AUTHOR
Index