Volume 188
Institute of Metals Division, Iron and Steel Division, and Extractive Metallurgy Division 1950
Papers and Discussions Presented at Meetings held at New York, February 12-16, 1950; Chicago, October 23-25, 1950; * St. Louis, February 19-22, 1951.* Discussion of Papers Presented at Cleveland Meeting, October 17-19, 1949. * Discussion of papers presented at these meetings will be published in Volume 191 (1951)
Title Page
Foreword By C. D. King, Chairman
Contents

Technical Papers

Institute of Metals Division

TITLE AUTHOR
The System Chromium-Carbon D. S. Bloom and N. J. Grant
Discussion D. S. Bloom and N. J. Grant
Electrical Resistivity and Thermoelectric Power of Antimony-Selenium Alloys B. D. Cullity, M. Telkes and J. T. Norton
Discussion B. D. Cullity, M. Telkes and J. T. Norton
Effect of Solute Elements on the Tensile Deformation of Copper R. S. French and W. R. Hibbard, Jr.
Discussion R. S. French and W. R. Hibbard, Jr.
A Preliminary Investigation of the Zirconium-Beryllium System by Powder Metallurgy Methods H. H. Hausner and H. S. Kalish
Discussion H. H. Hausner and H. S. Kalish
Faults in the Structure of Copper-Silicon Alloys C. S. Barrett
Discussion C. S. Barrett
Undercooling of Minor Liquid Phases in Binary Alloys Chih-Chung Wang and C. S. Smith
Discussion Chih-Chung Wang and C. S. Smith
Aging Behavior of a Zinc Alloy Containing 25 pct Manganese, 15 pct Copper, 0.1 pct Aluminum P. W. Ramsey and G. L. Werley
Self-diffusion in Alpha and Gamma Iron C. E. Birchenall and R. F. Mehl
Discussion C. E. Birchenall and R. F. Mehl
Plastic Deformation in the Rolling Process B. L. Averbach
The Effects of Nitrogen, Iron, or Nickel Upon the Alpha-Beta Transformation and Gamine Precipitation in Cobalt-Chromium Alloys A. R. Elsea and C. C. McBride
The Growth of Austenite as Related to Prior Structure A. E. Nehrenberg
Discussion A. E. Nehrenberg
The Elastic Coefficients of Single Crystals of Alpha Brass R. W. Fenn, Jr., W. R. Hibbard, Jr., and H. A Lepper, Jr.
Discussion R. W. Fenn, Jr., W. R. Hibbard, Jr., and H. A Lepper, Jr.
The Alloy Systems Uranium-Aluminum and Uranium-Iron P. Gordon and A. R. Kaufman
The Alloy Systems Uranium-Tungsten, Uranium-Tantalum and Tungsten-Tantalum C. H. Schramm, P. Gordon and A. R. Kaufman
The Iron-Nitrogen System V. G. Paranjpe, M. Cohen, M. B. Bever And C. F. Floe
Discussion V. G. Paranjpe, M. Cohen, M. B. Bever And C. F. Floe
A Study of the Iron-Chromium-Nickel Ternary System J. W. Pugh and J. D. Nisbet
Discussion J. W. Pugh and J. D. Nisbet
Effects of Three Interstitial Solutes (Nitrogen, Oxygen and Carbon) on the Mechanical Properties of High-purity, Alpha Titanium W. L. Finlay and J. A. Snyder
Discussion W. L. Finlay and J. A. Snyder
Effect of Annealing in a Magnetic Field Upon Iron-Cobalt and Iron-Cobalt-Nickel Alloys prepared by Powder Metallurgy J. F. Libsch, E. Both, G. W. Beckman, D. Warren and R. J. Franklin
The Extrusion of Powdered Magnesium Alloys (Correction, p. 944) R. S. Busk and T. E. Leontis
Kinetics of the Eutectoid Transformation in Alloys of Iron and Nitrogen B. N. Bose and M. F. Hawk
The Vapor Pressure and Thermodynamic Activities of Zinc in Solid Alpha Brasses A. W. Herbenar, C. A. Siebert, and O. S. Duffendack
The Thermoelastic Effect in Iron and Nickel as a Function of Temperature R. Rocca and M. B. Bever
Some Effects of Phosphorus and Nitrogen on the Properties of Low Carbon Steel G. H. Enzian
Discussion G. H. Enzian
Microstructure of Iron Silicon Alloys as Developed by the Powder Metallurgy Process R. Wachtell
Measurement of Relative Interface Energies in Twin Related Crystals C. G. Dunn, F. W. Daniels, and M. J. Bolton
Discussion C. G. Dunn, F. W. Daniels, and M. J. Bolton
Behavior of Pores during the Sintering of Copper Compacts F. N. Rhines, C. E. Birchenall, and L. A. Hughes
Discussion F. N. Rhines, C. E. Birchenall, and L. A. Hughes
The Effects of Molybdenum and Commercial Ranges of Phosphorus upon the Toughness of Manganese Steels Containing 0.40 pct Carbon M. Baeyertz, W. F. Craig, Jr. and J. P. Sheeha
Titanium Binary Alloys C. M. Craighead. O. W. Simmons and L. W. Eastwood
Discussion C. M. Craighead. O. W. Simmons and L. W. Eastwood
Ternary Alloys of Titanium C. M. Craighead. O. W. Simmons and L. W. Eastwood
Quaternary Alloys of Titanium C. M. Craighead. O. W. Simmons and L. W. Eastwood
Diffusion Coefficient of Carbon in Austenite C. Wells. W. Batz and R. F. Mehl
Discussion C. Wells. W. Batz and R. F. Mehl
Carbides in Long-tempered Vanadium Steels W. Crafts and J. L. Lamon
Discussion W. Crafts and J. L. Lamon
Internal Friction of Cold-worked Metals at Various Temperatures T’ing-Sui Ke
A Study of Recrystallization and Grain Growth by Measurements of Internal Friction T’ing-Sui Ke
Kinetics of the Reactions of Columbium and Tantalum with O2, N2 and H2 E. A. Gulbransen and K. F. Andrew
The Graphical Representation of Metallurgical Equilibria (Correction, p. 944) C. J. Osborn
Discussion C. J. Osborn
Composition of Atmospheres Inert to Heated Carbon Steel R. W. Gurry
Thermal Expansion Characteristics of Stainless Steels Between -300° and 1000°F D. E. Furman
Activation Energy for Recrystallization in Rolled Copper B. F. Decker and D. Harker
The Effect of Alloying Elements on the Plastic Properties of Aluminum Alloys J. E. Dorn, P. Pietrokowsky, and T. E. Tietz
The Properties of Some Magnesium-Lithium Alloys Containing Aluminum and Zinc R. S. Busk, D. L. Leman and J. J. Casey
The Intermittent Oxidation of Some Nickel-Chromium Base Alloys B. Lustman
Austenite Formation during Tempering and Its Effects on Mechanical Properties E. F. Bailey and W. J. Harris, Jr.
Recrystallization Reaction Kinetics and Texture Studies of a 50 Iron 50 Nickel Alloy W. E. Seymour and D. Harker
Production and Examination of Zinc Single Crystals D. C. Jillson
An Experimental Survey of Deformation and Annealing Processes in Zinc D. C. Jillson
Metallurgy Behind the Decimal Point E. E. Schumacher
Young's Modulus and Its Temperature Dependence in 36 to 52 Pct Nickel-Iron Alloys M. E. Fine and W. C. Elli
A Study of Strain Markings in Aluminum B. R. Banerjee
Quantitative Stress-Strain Studies on Zinc Single Crystals in Tension D. C. Jillson
The Vapor Pressure of Silver H. M. Schadel, Jr. and C. E. Birchenall
On the Martensitic Transformation at Temperatures Approaching Absolute Zero S. A. Kulin and M. Cohen
The Supercooling of Aggregates of Small Metal Particles D. Turnbull
The Ductility of Cast Molybdenum R. B. Fischer and J. H. Jackson
The Textures of Cold-Rolled and Annealed Titanium H. T. Clark, Jr.
A Study of the Plastic Behavior of High-Purity Aluminum Single Crystals at Various Temperatures F. D. Rosi and C. H. Mathews
Equilibrium in the Reaction of Carbon Dioxide with Liquid Copper from 1090° to 1300°C D. J. Girardi and C. A. Siebert
The Effect of Sodium Contamination on Magnesium-Lithium Base Alloys P. D. Frost, J. H. Jackson, A. C. Loonam and C. H. Lorig
The Structure of Intermediate Phases in Alloys of Titanium with Iron, Cobalt and Nickel P. Duwez and J. L. Taylor
The Isothermal Transformation of a Eutectoid Beryllium Bronze R. H. Fillnow and D. J. Mac
Hydrogen Solubility in Aluminum and Some Aluminum Alloys W. R. Opie and N. J. Gran
Solid Solubility of Cementite in Alpha Iron C. A. Wert
Relative Energies of Grain Boundaries in Silicon Iron C. G. Dunn, F. W. Daniels, and M. J. Bolton
Ordering Reaction in Cobalt-Platinum Alloys J. B. Newkirk, A. H. Geisler, D. L. Martin, and R. Smoluchowski
Alloys of Titanium with Carbon, Oxygen and Nitrogen R. I. Jaffee, H. R. Ogden, and D. J. Maykuth
Dendritic Crystallization of Alloys B. H. Alexander and F. N. Rhines
Thermal Expansion Characteristics of Beryllium R. M. Treco
Aging Characteristics of Magnesium-Lithium Base Alloys P. D. Frost, J. G. Kura, and L. W. Eastwood
Hydrogen Embrittlement of SAE 1020 Steel J. B. Seabrook, N. J. Grant, and D. Carne
The Formation of Annealing Twins J. E. Burke
Transformation Characteristics of a Lithium-Magnesium Alloy C. S. Barrett and D. F. Clifton
Graphite-Rod Hairpin-Resistor Radiation Furnace for High Temperatures W. J. Kroll, W. W. Stephen and J. P. Walsted
The Torsion Texture of Copper W. A. Backofen
Lattice Parameters of Magnesium Alloys R. S. Busk
Effect of Ferrite Grain Structure Upon Impact Properties of 0.80 Pct Carbon Spheroidite M. Baeyert, W. F. Craig, Jr., and E. S. Bumps
Crystal Structures and Transformations in Indium-Thallium Solid Solutions L. Guttman
Crystallography of Cubic-Tetragonal Transformation in the Indium-Thallium System J. S. Bowles, C. S. Barrett, and L. Guttman
Alloys of Copper and Iron C. S. Smith and E. W. Palmer
Kinetics of Solid Phase Reactions in Oxide Films on Iron-The Reversible Transformation At or Near 570°C E. A. Gulbransen and R. Ruka

Iron and Steel Division

TITLE AUTHOR
The Effect of Carbon on the Activity of Sulphur in Liquid Iron J. P. Morris and R. C. Buehl
Discussion J. P. Morris and R. C. Buehl
Thermodynamic Properties of Sulphur in Molten Iron-Sulphur Alloys C. W. Sherman, H. I. Elvander and J. Chipman
Discussion C. W. Sherman, H. I. Elvander and J. Chipman
The Manganese Equilibrium Under Simple Oxide Slags J. Chipman, J. B. Gero, and T. B. Winkler
Discussion J. Chipman, J. B. Gero, and T. B. Winkler
The Use of Radiocalcium to Study the Distribution of Calcium Between Molten Slags and Iron Saturated with Carbon W. O. Philbrook. K M Goldman, and M. M. Helzel
The Tin-Fusion Method for the Determination of Hydrogen in Steel D. J. Carney, J. Chipman, and N. J. Grant
Discussion D. J. Carney, J. Chipman, and N. J. Grant
The Sampling and Analysis of Liquid Steel for Hydrogen D. J. Carney, J. Chipman, and N. J. Grant
Discussion D. J. Carney, J. Chipman, and N. J. Grant
The Solubility of Oxygen in Liquid Iron Containing Aluminum D. C. Hilty and W. Crafts
Discussion D. C. Hilty and W. Crafts
Solubility of Oxygen in Liquid Iron Containing Silicon and Manganese D. C. Hilty and W. Crafts
Discussion D. C. Hilty and W. Crafts
The Graphical Representation of Metallurgical Equilibria (Correction, p. 944) C. J. Osborn
Discussion C. J. Osborn
Experimental Operation of a Basic-lined Surface-blown Hearth for Steel Production (Correction, p. 892) C. E. Sims and F. L. Toy
Discussion C. E. Sims and F. L. Toy
Side-blow Converter Process for the Production of Low Nitrogen Steel Ingots R. R. Webster and H. T. Clark
Discussion R. R. Webster and H. T. Clark
Factors Affecting Deformation and Rupture of Metals at Elevated Temperatures F. B. Foley
Oxygen in Liquid Open-Hearth Steel-Oxidation during Tapping and Ladle Filling T. E. Brower, J. W. Bain, and B. M. Larsen
The Mechanism of Sulphur Transfer between Carbon-Saturated Iron and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 Slags G. Derge, W. O. Philbrook and K. M. Goldman
Discussion G. Derge, W. O. Philbrook and K. M. Goldman
The Activity of Sulphur in Liquid Steel: The Influence of Copper (With Discussion) T. Rosenqvist and E. M. Cox

Extractive Metallurgy Division

TITLE AUTHOR
Fundamental and practical Factors in Ammonia Leaching of Nickel and Cobalt Ores (Correction, p. 796) M. H. Caron
Discussion M. H. Caron
Separation of Nickel and Cobalt(Correction, p. 796) M. H. Caron
Discussion M. H. Caron
Reflections on the Electrolytic Cells Used in the Production of Aluminum (with discussion) B. B. A. Luzzat
The Graphical Representation of Metallurgical Equilibria (Correction. p. 944) C. J. Osborn
Discussion C. J. Osborn
Conditioning Dwight-Lloyd Gases to Increase Bag Life R. E. Shinkosk
An Improved Automatic Smoke Sampler J. J. Donos
Extractive Metallurgy of Aluminum R. S. Sherwin
Water Sealed Wind Boxes for Dwight and Lloyd Sintering Machine E. Mcl. Tittmann and E. A. Has
Acid Conditioning of Metallurgical Smoke for Cottrell Precipitation A. L. Labbe
The Calbeck Process for Refining Zinc Oxide J. H. Calbeck, W. T. Maidens, and O. J. Hassel
Treatment of Electrolytic Copper Refinery Slimes J. H. Schloen and E. M. Elkin
Modern Baghouse Practice for the Recovery of Metallurgical Fumes A. L. Labbe and J. J. Donoso
Thermodynamic Relationships in Chlorine Metallurgy H. H. Kellogg
Discussion H. H. Kellogg
A Survey of the Thermodynamics of Copper Smelting R. Schuhmann, Jr.
Development of Mechanical Puncher at the McGill Smelter L. Larson
The Electrical Resistivity of Titanium Slags J. L. Wyatt
Discussion J. L. Wyatt
The Development of the Lead Blast Furnace at Port Pirie, South Australia L. A. White
Production of Malleable Zirconium on a Pilot-Plant Scale W. J. Kroll, W. W. Stephens, and H. P. Holmes

Technical Notes

TITLE AUTHOR
Method for Studying Grain Boundary Migration in Aluminum P. R. Sperry
Textures in Cold Rolled Copper and 70-30 Alpha Brass W. R. Hibbard, Jr.
Special Mounting Techniques E. C. Roberts
Note on Surface Diffusion in Sintering of Metallic Particles N. Cabrera
Preferred Orientation as a Factor in Intergranular Corrosion W. D. Roberts
Thermal Segregation: A Mechanism for the Segregation of Hydrogen in Steel G. Derce and E. E. Duncan
Twin Relationships in Ingots of Germanium W. C. Ellis
Metallographic Re-evaluation of the Indium-Zinc Eutectic Composition S. C. Carapella, Jr. and E. A. Peretti
Slip Markings in Chromium E. S. Greiner
The Densification of Pre-Reduced Copper Powder Compacts in Vacuum and in Hydrogen C. B. Jordan and P. Duwez
Correlation Between Electrical and Thermal Conductivity in Nickel and Nickel Alloys M. E. Fine
Migration of Carbon in Steel under the Influence of Direct Current P. Dayal and L. S. Darken
Activity of Liquid Silver-Silicon Alloys H. M. Schadel, Jr., G. Derge, and C. E. Birchenall
Crystallography of the Sigma Phase P. Pietrokowsky and P Duwez
Hydrogen Elimination by Aging C. E. Sims
Simple Torsion Pendulum for Measuring Internal Friction M. E. Fine
Effect of Rate of Freezing on Degree of Segregation in Alloys W. T. Olsen, Jr. and R. Ulcer
Production of Titanium from TiCl4, in an Arc Furnace L. D. Jaffe and R. K. Pitler

Discussions

TITLE AUTHOR
Discussion of IMD Papers Published in Transactions Volume 180, 1948  
Discussion of IMD Papers Published in Transactions Volume 185, 1949 (188-120)  
Discussion of IMD Papers Published in Transactions Volume 188, 1950 (188-120)  
Discussion of ISD Papers Published in Transactions Volume 185, 1949  
Discussion of ISD Papers Published in Transactions Volume 188, 1950  
Discussion of EMD Papers Published in Transactions Volume 185, 1949  
Discussion of EMD Papers Published in Transactions Volume 188, 1950  

INDEX

TITLE AUTHOR
Index